Evaluation of Cytotoxic effect of Moringa peregrina seeds on Oral Cancer, CAL 27, Cell Line and Red Blood Cells Hemolysis / Evaluación del efecto citotóxico de las semillas de Moringa peregrina en el cáncer oral, CAL 27, líneas celulares y hemólisis de glóbulos rojos

Background: Moringa peregrina Forssk is a well-known plant in ethnomedicine due to its widespread uses in various diseases like cough, wound healing, rhinitis, fever, and detoxification. The plant seeds contain compounds that are cytotoxic to many cancer cells. During the therapeutic use of plants via the oral route, some compounds present in the plants may be cytotoxic to normal cell lines and red blood cells. Objective: This study was the first report of investigation of the cytotoxic profile on oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line, and hemolytic activities on human erythrocytes of Moringa peregrina seeds ethanolic extract (MPSE). Methods: MPSE was screened for its cytotoxic effect against oral cancer, CAL 27, cell line using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The toxicity of MPSE on human erythrocytes was determined by in vitro hemolytic assay. Results: MPSE showed significant anti-proliferative activity against oral cancer, CAL 27 cell line at lower concentrations with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 21.03 µg/mL. At 1,000 µg/ml of MPSE, the maximum hemolysis was found to be 14.3% which is within safer limit. Conclusions: This study revealed a potential anti-oral cancer of MPSE and provided a baseline for its potential use in oral cancer treatment with minimum hemolytic effect on human RBCs.

La Moringa peregrina Forssk es una planta muy conocida en etnomedicina debido a sus usos generalizados en diversas enfermedades como la tos, la cicatrización de heridas, la rinitis, la fiebre y la desintoxicación. Las semillas de la planta contienen compuestos citotóxicos para muchas células cancerosas. Durante el uso terapéutico de las plantas por vía oral, algunos compuestos presentes en ellas pueden ser citotóxicos para las líneas celulares normales y los glóbulos rojos. Objetivo: Este estudio fue el primer informe de investigación del perfil citotóxico sobre el cáncer oral, CAL 27, línea celular, y las actividades hemolíticas en eritrocitos humanos del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringa peregrina (MPSE). Métodos: Se examinó el efecto citotóxico del MPSE contra la línea celular de cáncer oral CAL 27 mediante el ensayo con bromuro de 3-(4, 5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2, 5,-difeniltetrazolio (MTT). La toxicidad del MPSE sobre los eritrocitos humanos se determinó mediante un ensayo hemolítico in vitro. Resultados: MPSE mostró una actividad antiproliferativa significativa contra el cáncer oral, línea celular CAL 27 a concentraciones más bajas con un valor de concentración inhibitoria media máxima (IC50) de 21,03 µg/mL. A 1.000 µg/ml de MPSE, la hemólisis máxima fue del 14,3%, lo que está dentro del límite de seguridad. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló un potencial anticancerígeno oral de MPSE y proporcionó una base para su uso potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer oral con un efecto hemolítico mínimo en los glóbulos rojos humanos.

Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-cancer Properties of Moringa peregrina / Propiedades inhibidoras Enzimáticas y Anticancerígenas de la Moringa peregrina

Background: Moringa peregrina is widely used in the traditional medicine of the Arabian Peninsula to treat various ailments, because it has many pharmacologically active components with several therapeutic effects. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Moringaperegrina seed ethanolic extract (MPSE) against key enzymes involved in human pathologies, such as angiogenesis (thymidine phosphorylase), diabetes (α-glucosidase), and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (carbonic anhydrase). In addition, the anticancer properties were tested against the SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma). Results: MPSE extract significantly inhibited α-glucosidase, thymidine phosphorylase, and carbonic anhydrase with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 303.1 ± 1.3, 471.30 ± 0.3, and 271.30 ± 5.1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of the MPSE was observed on the SH-SY5Y cancer cell line with IC50 values of 55.1 µg/mL. Conclusions: MPSE has interesting inhibitory capacities against key enzymes and human neuroblastoma cancer cell line.

Antecedentes: La Moringa peregrina se utiliza ampliamente en la medicina tradicional de la Península Arábiga para tratar diversas dolencias, ya que posee numerosos componentes farmacológicamente activos con varios efectos terapéuticos. Objetivo: Este estudio tenía como objetivo investigar el efecto inhibidor del extracto etanólico de semillas de Moringaperegrina (MPSE) frente a enzimas clave implicadas en patologías humanas, como la angiogénesis (timidina fosforilasa), la diabetes (α-glucosidasa) y la hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (anhidrasa carbónica). Además, se comprobaron las propiedades anticancerígenas frente al SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma humano). Resultados: El extracto de MPSE inhibió significativamente la α-glucosidasa, la timidina fosforilasa y la anhidrasa carbónica con concentraciones inhibitorias semimáximas (IC50) de 303,1 ± 1,3, 471,30 ± 0,3 y 271,30 ± 5,1 µg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se observó el efecto antiproliferativo del MPSE en la línea celular del cáncer SH-SY5Y con valores de IC50 de 55,1 µg/mL. Conclusiones: MPSE posee interesantes capacidades inhibitorias frente a enzimas clave y línea celular de neuroblastoma canceroso humano.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / Efeito das folhas da Moringa olifera no crescimento e na microbiota intestinal da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

In vivo studies could not confirm in vitro prophylactic synergism between Moringa essential oil and Lactobacillus reuteri (MT180537) / Estudos in vivo não puderam confirmar o sinergismo profilático in vitro entre o óleo essencial de Moringa e Lactobacillus reuteri (MT180537)

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a recently defined vaginal recurring infection, which is treated with antibiotics. However, excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics disrupts healthy vaginal microflora and leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. This situation has directed researchers to explore alternative antimicrobials. The current study describes in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficacy and pharmaceutical interactions between plant essential oils (EOs) and five lactic acid bacteria (LABs), isolated from the healthy vagina, against E. faecalis, one of the major etiological agents of AV. In vitro experiments confirm good antimicrobial activity of both plant EOs and cell free supernatant (CFS) from LABs. Based on high antimicrobial efficacy, Moringa essential oil (MO) was selected to determine its nature of interaction with CFS of five LAB strains. Synergism was recorded between MO and CFS of L. reuteri (MT180537). To validate in vitro findings, prophylactic responses of individual and synergistic application of MO and L. reuteri (MT180537) were evaluated in an E. faecalis (MW051601) induced AV murine model. The prophylactic efficacy was evidenced by a reduction in intensity of clinical symptoms, E. faecalis (MW051601) count per vaginal tissue along with a reduction in AV associated changes in histological markers of infection in animals receiving Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) alone or in combination. However, significant synergism between Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) could not be observed. Our data confirms the importance of in vivo experiments in deducing pharmacological interactions.

Vaginite aeróbica (VA) é uma infecção vaginal recorrente definida recentemente, que é tratada com antibióticos. No entanto, o uso excessivo e prolongado de antibióticos perturba a microflora vaginal saudável e leva ao surgimento de resistência aos antibióticos entre os patógenos. Esta situação levou os pesquisadores a explorar antimicrobianos alternativos. O presente estudo descreve a eficácia antimicrobiana in vitro e in vivo e as interações farmacêuticas entre óleos essenciais vegetais (OE) e cinco bactérias lácticas (BAL), isoladas de vagina sã, contra E. faecalis, um dos principais agentes etiológicos da AV. Os experimentos in vitro confirmam a boa atividade antimicrobiana de ambos os EOs de plantas e sobrenadante livre de células (CFS) de LABs. Com base na alta eficácia antimicrobiana, o óleo essencial de Moringa (MO) foi selecionado para determinar sua natureza de interação com o sobrenadante livre de células (CFS) de cinco cepas de LAB. Sinergismo foi registrado entre MO e CFS de L. reuteri (MT180537). Para validar os resultados in vitro, as respostas profiláticas da aplicação individual e sinérgica de MO e L. reuteri (MT180537) foram avaliadas em um modelo murino AV induzido por E. faecalis (MW051601). A eficácia profilática foi evidenciada por uma redução na intensidade dos sintomas clínicos, contagem de E. faecalis (MW051601) por tecido vaginal, juntamente com uma redução nas alterações associadas a AV nos marcadores histológicos de infecção em animais que receberam óleo essencial de Moringa e L. reuteri (MT180537) sozinho ou em combinação. No entanto, não foi possível observar sinergismo significativo entre o óleo essencial de Moringa e L. reuteri (MT180537). Nossos dados confirmam a importância dos experimentos in vivo na dedução de interações farmacológicas.

Partial replacement of fish meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal in practical diets of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings / Substituição parcial da refeição de peixe com farinha de folha de Moringa oleifera em dietas práticas de dedos Cirrhinus mrigala

Fish protein is serving as a source of nutrition for protein starving world. However, sustainable aquaculture products require inexpensive plant by-products due to finite sources of fish meal. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine nutrient utilization, growth performance and hematological indices of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diets. Fish were fed with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets having MOLM as a substitute of fish meal (FM) at the levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for the period of 90 days. Fingerlings having initial weight 6.35±0.04g were reared in triplicate tanks at the stocking density of 15 and hand fed at the rate of 5% of total biomass twice regularly. Chromic oxide inclusion level was 1% in diets. After analysis, maximum growth performance and improved digestibility of nutrients were found in fish fed with diet at 10% replacement level as compared to fish fed on control diet and other test diets. Additionally, it was found that the red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of fish showed a significantly (p<0.05) inverse correlation with the increase in MOLM. In present research, it was concluded that MOLM has good potential to be used as a FM substitute in C. mrigala diet with maximum effect at 10% showing positive hematological indices.

A proteína do peixe está servindo como fonte de nutrição para o mundo faminto por proteína. No entanto, produtos de aquicultura sustentáveis requerem subprodutos vegetais baratos devido às fontes finitas de farinha de peixe. Portanto, este estudo foi conduzido para examinar a utilização de nutrientes, o desempenho do crescimento e os índices hematológicos de alevinos de Cirrhinus mrigala alimentados com dietas à base de farelo de folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOLM). Os peixes foram alimentados com seis dietas isonitrogênicas e isoenergéticas contendo MOLM como substituto da farinha de peixe (FM) nos níveis de 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% e 50% pelo período de 90 dias. Os alevinos com peso inicial de 6,35 ± 0,04g foram criados em tanques triplicados com densidade de 15 animais e alimentados à mão a uma taxa de 5% da biomassa total duas vezes regularmente. O nível de inclusão de óxido crômico foi de 1% nas dietas. Após análise, desempenho máximo de crescimento e melhor digestibilidade de nutrientes foram encontrados em peixes alimentados com dieta em nível de reposição de 10% em comparação com peixes alimentados com dieta controle e outras dietas teste. Além disso, verificou-se que as concentrações de hemácias, leucócitos, hemoglobina e hemoglobina corpuscular média dos peixes apresentaram correlação inversa significativa (p < 0,05) com o aumento do MOLM. Na presente pesquisa, concluiu-se que o MOLM tem bom potencial para ser utilizado como substituto do FM na dieta de C. mrigala com efeito máximo a 10% apresentando índices hematológicos positivos.

Moringa water extract promising additive to prolong the activity of baculovirus under field-sunlight conditions in Egypt / Aditivo promissor do extrato aquoso de moringa para prolongar a atividade de baculovírus sob condições de campo-luz solar no Egito

Abstract Baculoviruses are considered as effective bio pesticides except of being not active under sunlight conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of moringa extract to prolong virus activity under Egyptian field conditions especially that Moringa proved to be strong protective material under previous investigation under laboratory conditions the addition of moringa filters were tested on tomato plant foliage. Results are based on leaf bioassay using Spodoptera littoralis test insect and its nuclepolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) as standard materials. The Original Activity Remaining (OAR) and Lethal Infectivity Time to 50% (LIT50) were estimated after exposure to natural sunlight. cacao and green tea were tested as comparative materials, which proved to be effective as virus protective agent in earlier investigations. The results showed that moringa additive at 10% sustained 50% of virus activity for 193.53 hours and 62.05 and 23.023 hours post application for cacao and green tea; respectively. While virus alone treatment lasts for only 17.551 hours. Moringa generally available, relatively cheap; it also has been tested and proved to be non-toxic, safe, and friendly to the environment. The obtained results showed the activity of moringa water extract in prolonging the virus activity under field application.

Resumo Os baculovírus são considerados como biopesticidas eficazes, exceto por não estarem ativos sob condições de luz solar. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a capacidade do extrato de moringa para prolongar a atividade do vírus sob condições de campo egípcias, tendo em vista que Moringa provou ser um material protetor forte sob investigação anterior em condições de laboratório a adição de filtros moringa foram testados na folhagem de plantas de tomate. Os resultados são com base em bioensaios foliares utilizando o inseto-teste Spodoptera littoralis e seu vírus de poliedrose nuclear (VPNSl) como materiais padrões. A Atividade Original Restante (AOR) e o Tempo de Infectividade Letal até 50% (LIT50) foram estimados após a exposição à luz solar natural. Cacau e chá verde foram testados como materiais comparativos, que se mostraram eficazes como agentes protetores do vírus em investigações anteriores. Os resultados mostraram que a moringa aditiva a 10% sustentou 50% da atividade viral por 193,53 horas e 62,05 e 23,023 horas após a aplicação de cacau e chá verde, respectivamente. Enquanto o tratamento sozinho do vírus dura apenas 17,551 horas, a moringa geralmente está disponível, e é relativamente barata; e a mesma também foi testada e provou ser não tóxica, segura e propícia ao meio ambiente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a atividade do extrato aquosa da moringa no prolongamento da atividade do vírus sob aplicação em campo.

Textual research on traditional application of Moringa / 中国中药杂志

Moringa has a long history of edible and medicinal use in foreign countries, this paper collected and sorted out the traditional application of Moringa recorded in the ancient medical books and historical materials of countries and regions along the ancient Silk Road. According to preliminary research, the earliest record of Moringa in China can be traced back to The Bower Manuscript(volume Ⅱ)(about the 4 th-6 th century A.D.) unearthed in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Around the 8 th century, with the communication between countries along the ancient Silk Road becoming prosperous, more and more medical books containing Moringa and its prescriptions were introduced to Tibet, Xinjiang and other places in today's China. The leaves, root bark, seeds and stem bark of Moringa all can be used for medicinal purposes and are recorded in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India(API). Among them, Moringa leaves have been approved as a new resource food in China. According to the API, it is of cold property and sweet taste, its post-digestive effect is sweet and has the functions of removing wind, bile and fat, relieving pain, killing abdominal worms, moistening skin, brightening eyes and clearing brain. It can be used to treat edema, parasitic diseases, spleen diseases, abscess, tumor, pharyngeal swelling and other diseases. This study explored and organized the historical evidence of communication through the Silk Road and traditional application records of Moringa, in order to provide the evidence of traditional medicine basis, medicine property and efficacy application reference for the realization of the introduction of Moringa as a new resource of traditional Chinese medicine.

Role of growth regulators and plant water extracts on the productivity and water use efficiency of wheat genotypes under limited water supply / Papel dos reguladores de crescimento e dos extratos de plantas sobre a eficiência da produtividade e do uso da água dos genótipos de trigo sob abastecimento de água limitada

Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant extracts under water restriction is an important strategy for getting sustainable yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the growth and yield of wheat genotypes and also monitor and compare the role of ABA, SA as well as moringa and mulbery leaf water extracts in improving drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. The work was performed at the research area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Three wheat cultivars Aas-2011, Faisalabad- 2008 and Triple dwarf-1 were subjected to drought stress (skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage). The wheat genotypes were subjected to treatments viz., T1 i.e. All normal irrigation without application of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), moringa (MLE) and mulberry leaf water extract (MBLE), T2 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 2µM ABA, T3 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10 m mol SA, T4 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 15% MLE and T5 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10% MBLE. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement and repeated three times. From this study it is concluded that Aas-2011 shown best result under drought condition by applying growth regulators and plant water extracts.

O fortalecimento de genótipos de trigo pela aplicação de reguladores de crescimento, solutos compatíveis e extratos vegetais sob restrição hídrica é uma importante estratégia para obtenção de produção sustentável. Trilha de campo foi realizada na área de pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade de Ghazi, Dera Ghazi Khan, Paquistão. Três cultivares de trigo Aas-2011, Faisalabad-2008 e Triple anão-1 foram submetidas a estresse hídrico (pulando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos). Os genótipos de trigo foram submetidos a tratamentos, T1, ou seja, irrigação normal sem aplicação de ácido abscísico (ABA), ácido salicílico (SA), moringa (MLE) e extrato de água de amoreira (MBLE), T2¬, pular a irrigação em estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de ABA 2µM, T3 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de 10 m mol SA, T4 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de 15% MLE e T5 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no enchimento de grãos estágio e aplicação de 10% MBLE. O experimento foi exposto no delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com arranjo fatorial e repetido três vezes. A partir deste estudo conclui-se que Aas-2011 apresentou melhor resultado sob condição de seca, aplicando reguladores de crescimento e extratos de água de plantas.

Organic matter and moringa leaf extract's effects on the physiology and fruit quality of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) / Efeitos da matéria orgânica e do extrato da folha de moringa sobre a fisiologia e qualidade do fruto da melancia vermelha sem sementes ( Citrullus lanatus )

This study was designed to assess the effects of different types of organic matter on the quality and biochemical properties of red seedlesswatermelon.The research was a single factor experiment, which involved six (6) treatments and four (4) replications. Watermelon grown and harvested from five (5) different organic matter sources, namely; vermicompost (VC), poultry manure (PM), cow dung (CD), goatdung (GD), and moringa leaf extract (MLE), at the rates of 10 ton, 20 ton, 30 ton, 30 ton, and 3000 L ha-1, respectively, were used in this study. The results revealed that the treatment of vermicompost improved the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide, net photosynthetic rate, fruit weight and mineral nutrient content of watermelon. The application of cow dung reduced the rind thickness and increased the TSS and antioxidant activity of the watermelon. The goat dung treatment significantly affected fruit size, juice content and the pH content of the watermelon's fruit juice. The poultry manure (PM) and moringa extract (MLE) treatments resulted in the highest anthocyanin content of all the watermelon. Although all the organic matter, in their unique ways, improved the quality of red seedless watermelon, the study shows that the vermicompost application had better growth, yield and improvement in the quality of watermelon.

Este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de matéria orgânica sobre a qualidade e propriedades bioquímicas da melancia vermelha sem sementes. A pesquisa foi um experimento de fator único, que envolveu seis (6) tratamentos e quatro (4) repetições. Melancia cultivada e colhida de cinco (5) diferentes fontes de matéria orgânica, nomeadamente; vermicomposto (VC), esterco de galinha (PM), estrume de vaca (CD), esterco de cabra (GD) e extrato de folhas de moringa (MLE), nas doses de 10 ton, 20 ton, 30 ton, 30 ton e 3000 L ha-1, respectivamente, foram utilizados neste estudo. Os resultados revelaram que o tratamento do vermicomposto melhorou o teor de clorofila, a fluorescência da clorofila, a condutância estomática, o dióxido de carbono interno, a taxa fotossintética líquida, o peso do fruto e o teor de nutrientes minerais da melancia. A aplicação de esterco bovino reduziu a espessura da casca e aumentou o TSS e a atividade antioxidante da melancia. O tratamento com esterco de cabra afetou significativamente o tamanho do fruto, o teor de suco e o teor de pH do suco de fruta da melancia. Os tratamentos com esterco de galinha (PM) e extrato de moringa (MLE) resultaram no maior teor de antocianina de todas as melancias. Apesar de toda a matéria orgânica, em seus meios únicos, melhorar a qualidade da melancia vermelha sem sementes, o estudo mostra que a aplicação do vermicomposto apresentou melhor crescimento, rendimento e melhora na qualidade da melancia.

Análise da Moringa como agente de potabilidade no tratamento da água de comunidades rurais de Salinas - MG / Analysis of Moringa as a potability agent in the water treatment of rural communities of Salinas - MG

A água é essencial para a manutenção da vida, porém pessoas que residem em comunidades rurais consomem água não potável. Como uma alternativa para o tratamento tem-se a Moringa que possui propriedade antimicrobiana. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas da água, antes e após o tratamento com esta semente, nos tempos: zero, uma, duas e quatro horas. Os percentuais de redução foram de até 99% para coliformes totais e termotolerantes e 92% para E. coli. Os índices de gás carbônico, turbidez e temperatura aumentaram evidenciando a ação antimicrobiana. Por fim, foi elaborada uma cartilha com os resultados desse trabalho e foi possível concluir que a semente da Moringa pode ser utilizada no tratamento da água, sendo uma alternativa barata e de fácil acessibilidade.

Screening Moringa species focused on development of locally available sustainable nutritional supplements

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The leaves of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) commonly grown in Ethiopia possess potential nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional characteristics of the dried leaf powder from two Moringa species to develop sustainable nutritional supplements for Ethiopians from locally grown plant sources. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Freshly harvested and air-dried MO and MS leaves were authenticated and the nutritional contents, such as protein, ash, lipids, and selected vitamins and minerals, were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Amino acid compositions were also determined by an amino acid analyzer. Nine-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Moringa. The first group was fed a basal diet, the second group a high-fat diet, and the others were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.1% Moringa leaf powder from each species. After seven weeks, serum indices related to lipid profiles from each mouse were analyzed. RESULTS: The present study revealed high protein (28–29%) and ash (7–11%) contents. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and leucine were the most abundantly found amino acids in both species. The predominant minerals in the leaf powder were calcium (826–1,530 mg/100 g), potassium (794–904 mg/100 g), and magnesium (286-431 mg/100 g). Pyridoxine (475.06 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (34.2 mg/100 g) were found only in MS. Niacin was found only in MO at 32.21 mg/100 g, whereas ascorbic acid was found in both species (3.89 and 6.19 mg/100 g dry weight for MO and MS, respectively). The results of the animal study showed that mice on a high-fat diet containing 0.1% MO leaf powder alleviated the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by the high fat diet. MO was more effective than MS in preventing hypercholesterolemia and fat deposition. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this work confirmed that Moringa leaves of both MO and MS possessed high nutritional value but MO was better at preventing the harmful effects of the high-fat diet than MS.

Ameliorative effects of Moringa on cuprizone-induced memory decline in rat model of multiple sclerosis / 대한해부학회지

Cuprizone is a neurotoxin with copper-chelating ability used in animal model of multiple sclerosis in which oxidative stress has been documented as one of the cascade in the pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera is a phytomedicinal plant with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative capability of M. oleifera in cuprizone-induced behavioral and histopathological alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Four groups of rats were treated with normal saline, cuprizone, M. oleifera and a combination of M. oleifera and cuprizone, for five weeks. The rats were subjected to Morris water maze and Y-maze to assess long and short-term memory respectively. The animals were sacrificed, and brain tissues were removed for histochemical and enzyme lysate immunosorbent assay for catalase, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide. Cuprizone significantly induced oxidative and nitrosative stress coupled with memory decline and cortico-hippocampal neuronal deficits; however, administration of M. oleifera significantly reversed the neuropathological deficits induced by cuprizone.

Bleeding time using Moringa oleifera (Malunggay) leaf extract versus saline control in a rabbit epistaxis model: A randomized controlled trial

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine bleeding time using Moringa oleifera leaf extract versus saline control in an experimental epistaxis model.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong><br /><strong>Design:</strong> Randomized controlled trial<br /><strong>Setting:</strong> Tertiary Government Training Hospital<br /><strong>Participants:</strong> Ten adult male New Zealand White rabbits were acclimatized for 1 week in a standard environment. One-centimeter long, full-thickness mucosal wounds in the junction of the nasal floor and anterior part of the septum were treated randomly with topical Moringa oleifera extract or colored isotonic saline control in either right or left nasal cavity, one site at a time. The duration of bleeding - time bleeding started to time bleeding stopped -- was recorded in seconds. Data was subjected to a t-test for paired samples.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The mean bleeding time for wounds treated with Moringa extract was 53 seconds (range 38-70 secs), versus 159 seconds (range 100-218 secs) for controls. The bleeding time in the former was significantly shorter than in the latter (p = .000019, t-stat = 8.139), with a mean difference of 106 seconds between the two groups.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Moringa oleifera leaf extract was associated with significantly shorter bleeding time than saline control in this experimental epistaxis model and may be worth investigating further as a hemostatic agent for epistaxis.</p>

Bleeding time using Moringa oleifera (Malunggay) leaf extract versus saline control in a rabbit epistaxis model: A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To determine bleeding time using Moringa oleifera leaf extract versus saline control in an experimental epistaxis model.METHODS:Design: Randomized controlled trialSetting: Tertiary Government Training HospitalParticipants: Ten adult male New Zealand White rabbits were acclimatized for 1 week in a standard environment. One-centimeter long, full-thickness mucosal wounds in the junction of the nasal floor and anterior part of the septum were treated randomly with topical Moringa oleifera extract or colored isotonic saline control in either right or left nasal cavity, one site at a time. The duration of bleeding - time bleeding started to time bleeding stopped -- was recorded in seconds. Data was subjected to a t-test for paired samples.RESULTS: The mean bleeding time for wounds treated with Moringa extract was 53 seconds (range 38-70 secs), versus 159 seconds (range 100-218 secs) for controls. The bleeding time in the former was significantly shorter than in the latter (p = .000019, t-stat = 8.139), with a mean difference of 106 seconds between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Moringa oleifera leaf extract was associated with significantly shorter bleeding time than saline control in this experimental epistaxis model and may be worth investigating further as a hemostatic agent for epistaxis.

Induction of Apoptosis with Moringa oleifera Fruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells Via Intrinsic Pathway

Moringa oleifera Lam (M. oleifera, Moringaceae) is a tree of the Moringaceae family that can reach a height of between 5 and 10 m. The current paper presents cytotoxic effect of M. oleifera fruits and its flavonoids 1 and 2. The viability of HCT116 human colon cancer cells were 38.5% reduced by 150 µg/mL of ethanolic extracts in a concentration-dependent manner; in addition, we observed the apoptotic features of cell shrinkage and decreased cell size. Bcl-2 family proteins were regulated as determined by Western blotting analysis, suggesting that M. oleifera fruits and their flavonoids 1 and 2 induced apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway. Based on our findings, 70% ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera fruits and flavonoids 1 and 2 might be useful as cytotoxic agents in colorectal cancer therapy.

Moringa oleifera Prolongs Lifespan via DAF-16/FOXO Transcriptional Factor in Caenorhabditis elegans

Here in this study, we investigated the lifespan-extending effect and underlying mechanism of methanolic extract of Moringa olelifa leaves (MML) using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. To define the longevity properties of MML we conducted lifespan assay and MML showed significant increase in lifespan under normal culture condition. In addition, MML elevated stress tolerance of C. elegans to endure against thermal, oxidative and osmotic stress conditions. Our data also revealed that increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expressions of stress resistance proteins were attributed to MML-mediated enhanced stress resistance. We further investigated the involvement of MML on the aging-related factors such as growth, food intake, fertility, and motility. Interestingly, MML significantly reduced growth and egg-laying, suggesting these factors were closely linked with MML-mediated longevity. We also observed the movement of aged worms to estimate the effects of MML on the health span. Herein, MML efficiently elevated motility of aged worms, indicating MML may affect health span as well as lifespan. Our genetic analysis using knockout mutants showed that lifespan-extension activity of MML was interconnected with several genes such as skn-1, sir-2.1, daf-2, age-1 and daf-16. Based on these results, we could conclude that MML prolongs the lifespan of worms via activation of SKN-1 and SIR-2.1 and inhibition of insulin/IGF pathway, followed by DAF-16 activation.

Comparative protective effect of Moringa and dandelion extracts against hepatic disorders and oxidative stress associated with prolonged use of Brufendrug in rats

Bachground: The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] are the most frequently used medications worldwide for the treatment of a variety of common chronic and acute inflammatory conditions. The association between NSAIDs and liver disease is poorly documented

Aim: the current study was carried out to investigate the hepatic disorders associated with prolonged use of Brufen drug and evaluate the role of both moringa and dandelion extracts as hepatoprotective agents against these disorders

Methods: rats were divided into six groups [six rats/ each] as follow: group 1: rats did not receive any treatment and served as control; group 2: rats orally administrated moringa extract [300mg/kg b.wt] daily for 12 weeks; group 3: rats orally administrated dandelion extract [300mg/kg b.wt] daily for 12 weeks ; group 4: rats orally administrated Brufen [18mg/kg b.wt] daily for 12 weeks;.group5: rats orally administrated moringa extract [300mg/kg b.wt] daily for one week alone then concomitant with Brufen [18mg/kg b.wt] for 11 weeks ;group 6: rats orally administrated dandelion extract [300mg/kg b.wt] daily for one week alone then concomitant with Brufen [18mg/kg b.wt] for 11 weeks

Results: the present results showed that the administration of Brufen led to significant increases in the levels of TL, TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, MDA and XO. While significant decreases in HDL-C, TP, ALP, GSH, TAC, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, were recorded in Brufen treated rats group. On the other hand, the administration moringa or dandelion extracts succeeded to alleviate these abnormalities resulted from Brufen drug as indicated by the clear amelioration of occurred hepatic metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and histopathological changes in addition to improvement of the antioxidant status

Conclusion: it could be concluded that moringa or dandelion extracts have a remarkable role in management the hepatic disorders and oxidative stress associated with prolonged use of Brufen. Additionally it was recorded that moringa extract was more beneficial than dandelion extract in alleviating the occurred adverse effects of Brufen

Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Moringa Oleifera in a 48 years Old Korean Women: A Case Report

Moringa oleifera (Moringa) induced acute pancreatitis is an unreported cause of acute pancreatitis. A 48-year-old female who took Moringa for one week complained of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her symptoms and biochemical studies showed close accordance with acute pancreatitis. We found no other cause of acute pancreatitis except Moringa. After cessation of Moringa, her symptoms improved and biochemical studies normalized. One month later, she developed recurrent acute pancreatitis after taking Moringa. Thus we thought that Moringa was the cause of acute pancreatitis. No case of acute pancreatitis associated with Moringa has been reported, therefore we report this case.

Dietary effect of some plants on liver functions and lipid profile in experimental animals

The effect of some plants on liver function and lipid profile was investigated. Fourty male albino rats, Sprague Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each with similar 156-158g.mean total weight. The rats were fed the experimental diets at 14% protein level with different types of tested plants [chicory, sonchus and moringa] for four weeks. Food and water were provided adlibitum. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and blood sample was taken from hepatic portal vein from each rat. Blood samples were subjected to the determination of serum and liver lipid profile, serum ALT, AST, ALP, MDA and erythrocyte-SOD .The results indicated that different types of tested plants had a great effect in all parametars studied. The lowest mean value for serum total lipids, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol was found in group of rats fed high fat and high cholesterol diet [HFC. diet and moringa leaves] as compared with positive control group fed HFC. diet. But the lowest mean value for serum LDLcholesterol and highest mean value for serum HDL-cholesterol was found in group of rats fed [HFC diet and sonchus] as compared with positive control group. While lipid pattern in liver showed a significant decrease in group of rats fed [HFC diet and moringa leaves] as compared with positive control group and other plant groups. Also, the lowest mean value in serum ALT, AST, ALP and MDA was found in group of rats fed [HFC diet and sonchus], but the highest mean value in erythrocyte-SOD was found in group of rats fed [HFC diet and sonchus] as compared with positive control group

Lead remediation of contaminated water using moringa stenopetala and moringa oleifera seed powder

The increasing influx of heavy metals into water bodies from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities is of global concern because of their well documented negative effects on human and ecosystem health. A recent study of streams in Blantyre and Zomba, Malawi revealed lead levels of up 0.118 mg/L, exceeding the World Health Organisation acceptable level of 0.01 mg/L. Our ongoing study on low cost effective heavy metal remediation techniques in developing countries has already demonstrated that Moringa oleifera, the well known source of natural water clarifiers, is effective in heavy metal detoxification of water. This paper presents the first reported use of a related species, the African moringa, Moringa stenopetala for lead detoxification and preliminary investigation of the interaction of the metal with the polyelectrolytes of M. oleifera and stenopetala. The potential of M. stenopetala for lead removal was tested by means of jar tests. With an initial lead concentration of 7 ppm, M. stenopetala seed powder, at doses of 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 g/100mL, reduced the concentration of lead by 20.00 +/- 0.00, 46.19 +/- 2.06, 71.19 +/- 2.06 and 89.43 +/- 0.60 and 96.23 +/- 0.12% respectively. M. stenopetala was more effective than M. oleifera in removing lead from water [p=0.001 at 95% confidence level]. For oleifera, lead levels decreased exponentially during the first 5 h. of the reaction and then equilibrium was established; for stenopetala, a linear decrease was observed. The pH of the mixture rose from 2.30 to a maximum of 2.53 and 2.57 and then fell to an equilibrium value of 2.30 and 2.29 for oleifera and stenopetala respectively. Lead removal was also affected by pH, ionic strength, and water hardness. Our results show that M. stenopetala has potential in lead remediation of contaminated waters. Further studies are being carried out on remediation of other metals and the mechanism of the metal moringa interaction